What is a smartphone phone?

A smartphone is a mobile device that combines cellular and mobile computing functions into one unit. They are distinguished from feature phones by their stronger hardware capabilities and extensive mobile operating systems, which facilitate wider software, internet (including web browsing[1] over mobile broadband), and multimedia functionality (including music, video, cameras, and gaming), alongside core phone functions such as voice calls and text messaging. Smartphones typically contain a number of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit (IC) chips, include various sensors that can be leveraged by their software (such as a magnetometer, proximity sensors, barometer, gyroscope, or accelerometer), and support wireless communications protocols (such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or satellite navigation).

Early smartphones were marketed primarily towards the enterprise market, attempting to bridge the functionality of standalone personal digital assistant (PDA) devices with support for cellular telephony, but were limited by their bulky form, short battery life, slow analog cellular networks, and the immaturity of wireless data services. These issues were eventually resolved with the exponential scaling and miniaturization of MOS transistors down to sub-micron levels (Moore's law), the improved lithium-ion battery, faster digital mobile data networks (Edholm's

In the 2000s, NTT DoCoMo's i-mode platform, BlackBerry, Nokia's Symbian platform, and Windows Mobile began to gain market traction, with models often featuring QWERTY keyboards or resistive touchscreen input, and emphasizing access to push email and wireless internet. Following the rising popularity of the iPhone in the late 2000s, the majority of smartphones have featured thin, slate-like form factors, with large, capacitive screens with support for multi-touch gestures rather than physical keyboards, and offer the ability for users to download or purchase additional applications from a centralized store, and use cloud storage and synchronization, virtual assistants, as well as mobile payment services. Smartphones have largely replaced PDAs and handheld/palm-sized PCs.
(c) https://en.wikipedia.org

Smartphones operating systems?

The two most popular operating systems today are Android and iOS. The debate over which one is better will probably never end, because there is simply no definitive answer to this question.Remember the first criteria for choosing a smartphone will not be the size, the processor or the number of cameras, but the operating system.

Google Android operating system
It is the most used operating system in the world. Its advantages lie in the abundance of free software, the possibility of deep customization and a variety of models for all tastes and wallets.
Two main disadvantages stem from the advantages: the optimization of the software and the support for obsolete models by the manufacturer are unconvincing.

Apple's operating system
It is the main rival of Android. Undeniable advantages: high software optimization, access to Apple's exclusive ecosystem, support for smartphones for several years after launch.
The disadvantages are closed audio and video formats, complex multimedia loading on the device (no it will work quickly to load a couple of movies or a dozen songs onto the iPhone).

In recent years there has been a remarkable convergence of both operating systems. Apple takes the best features from Android and vice versa. This year, Cupertinos finally made its fans happy with widgets and reduced incoming call notification. Google, on the other hand, is working hard on the smoothness of the interface rendering and the beauty of the system, for which the "apple" has always been famous, and the Android flagships finally caught up with Apple in terms of performance.

Diagonal measurements and screen resolution?

There is no ideal smartphone size, it is determined by the needs of the owner and the intended use cases. The diagonal of a typical smartphone today starts at 6 inches.
The drawbacks associated with the large size are more than outweighed by the capabilities of the device - gaming, searching the Internet, watching videos, and even working on such devices is much more convenient and enjoyable. For connoisseurs of small smartphones, there are several inexpensive models up to 5 inches and, of course, Apple iPhone SE 2020. They can even be operated with one hand.

The larger the diagonal, the more resolution is required. Based on the classic HD (720), Full HD (1080) and 2K (1440), the manufacturers of smartphones have generated many new options with the prefix "+". For example, depending on the aspect ratio, Quad HD + includes resolutions of 2880 x 1440, 2960 x 1440, 3040 x 1440, 3168 x 1440, 3200 x 1440.

Image quality is easier to assess using the parameter pixel density (PPI) - the number of pixels per inch of the screen. The higher the PPI, the higher the image quality. The human eye is believed to fail to distinguish between individual pixels, starting at 300 PPI.

perfect screen size: everyone has their own request. It is convenient to watch videos, write text, play games and read on the big screen. The downside is the large body of the smartphone itself.
Screen resolution is directly related to image quality. Most smartphones with a diagonal of up to 5.5 inches are sufficient in Full HD resolution, that is, 1920 × 1080 pixels. You can find smartphones for sale with a higher screen resolution, but you will most likely not notice any difference between Full HD and 4K - on a standard smartphone screen, the pixels will be equally invisible and the image will be equally clear.

Types of screens on Smartphone?

Comfort depends on the size of the screen, in every way. Smartphones up to 4.9 inches are incredibly ergonomic and will fit comfortably in any pocket. But playing and watching videos on them is not so nice. Either a "shovel" with a screen of 6.2 inches or more. But it happens that you can't put them in your pocket, they are so big. However, you can always refer to the golden mean: 5-6 inches.

The entire range of resolutions can be downgraded to less than HD, HD, Full HD, and anything above Full HD. A lot also depends on how much the manufacturer stretched the screen and what cutout it made. To determine exactly what resolution you need, it is best to look at different displays with your own eyes. Resolutions higher than HD + are not required on small screens. On large screens, HD + will give a grainy image. Therefore, you must come see it.

Smartphones come with three types of screens:
A.- Manufacture TN - screens the batch of the most economical devices. It has poor image quality and poor viewing angles.
B.- IPS manufacturing - is the most common type of screen today. Provides good colors and viewing angles. It is inferior to OLED technology in energy efficiency, contrast and black screen.
C.- OLED manufacturing - it is a matrix of organic diodes. It gives a juicy image and perfect black due to infinite contrast, and technology eliminated the problem of acid colors and wear long ago. Always On Display eliminates the need to unlock your smartphone to see the date, clock, battery level, and notifications; the screen shows the information you need in real time. Power consumption is minimal.
Today, OLED screens are not the domain of companies, they can be found at almost any level of Smartphone.
OLED technology and its modifications (AMOLED, POLED, Super AMOLED, Dynamic AMOLED) are the pinnacle of engineering.

Choosing a smartphone by the type of screen (TN, IPS, OLED or AMOLED) is also better for your own eyes. At the same time, the choice is rich only among mid-priced smartphones. Therefore, superbudgets worth up to 5,000 are still equipped with TN displays, and flagships are in droves with OLED and AMOLED. Note that OLED and AMOLED displays are known to pulse PWM at low brightness levels, causing headaches for some.

Screen refresh rate
The latest samrtphone trend comes from the gaming world. By rapidly increasing the refresh rate, manufacturers have reached 144 Hz. First, this parameter affects the smoothness of the interface rendering and the playback of moving content. for The high refresh rate significantly reduces battery life and therefore flagship 90/120 Hz models can switch to the inexpensive 60 Hz.
For the average user, 60/90 Hz is sufficient. For gaming on a smartphone, a high hertz will be relevant when the graphics chips start to produce the required FPS.

Where to place the camera?

If you need a camera to capture text, not landscapes, any smartphone will do, even the super cheap Alcatel 1A or Samsung Galaxy A01. If landscapes are important after all, then you can't do without a 123 ° ultra-wide camera. Today there are such people in almost every average peasant. The higher the resolution of the landscape camera, the clearer and more detailed the image will be, so it is better to choose the latter between the “wide” of 5 MP and 12 MP.
A camera called optical zoom comes in handy when you want to photograph distant objects. The most interesting zooms are offered by the flagship smartphones, for example, Huawei P40 Pro and Samsung Galaxy S20 Ultra. They are equipped with periscopes, which optically magnify the subject of the photograph five times.

In search of a bezel-less design, manufacturers are trying to fill the entire front of the smartphone with a screen. This raises the issue of the location of the front camera and the need for a cutout for it. There is a heated debate about the beauty and functionality of this or that option.

Modern smartphones flaunt three types of clippings:
1.- U-shaped: it has the shape of a small semi-oval.
2.- O-shaped: it is a complete hole in the screen.
3.- "Monobrow" or "bangs": a long trapezoidal cut with a set of sensors. This option is little by little going out of style and was left only with Apple and a couple of smartphones with 3D facial unlocking.

An alternative to a cutout is a pop-up camera, but experiments to create one are slowly becoming a thing of the past. And yet, unfortunately, no one has come up with a decent quality subscreen version.

How is the material of smartphones?

Smartphones are made of ceramics, glass, leather, wood, metal: all of this can be used to decorate a smartphone. Protected devices are usually made of steel and rubber. However, usually the case is limited to plastic, which has a number of indisputable advantages: strength, lightness, durability, low cost. To give the plastic box a more attractive appearance, manufacturers use bright colors, gradient transitions, a combination of glossy and matte surfaces.

Few people will have to choose a smartphone based on this same criteria. However, fans of exclusive solutions can pay attention to some impressive options with an equally impressive price.

How are Processor and video adapter?

Today, wherever you look, there are eight-core processors. How to understand that a non-flagship smartphone will definitely bring out PUBG Mobile at full speed? See how much is inside the game processor. It sounds strange, but there are special phone processors for games with heavy graphics. They are marked with the letter G.

In modern smartphones, the number of cores and the processor clock speed are not a measure of performance. Optimization, architecture, and process technology are much more important.
The system on a chip always includes a graphics accelerator, which is responsible for displaying and processing the image. As a general rule, a powerful processor is equipped with a powerful video chip.

Micro Models and Features
1-. Snapdragon models are processors from Qualcomm, which is a well-known maker of SoC for flagship Android smartphones. Use the most efficient Adreno graphics video adapter. Each year these processors are installed in millions of devices around the world. Due to the manufacturer's close cooperation with ARM, Snapdragon is considered the best choice for gaming.
2.- Helio Models Taiwanese MediaTek chips. They use PowerVR and Mali graphics accelerators. Helio A line contains the cheapest solutions, Helio P - mid-range processors, Helio X - the most powerful chips, Helio G are designed for smartphones with a gaming bias. Contrary to popular belief, the high-end Helium in performance is almost as good as its more eminent competitors.
3.- Dimensions Models MediaTek chipsets for flagship smartphones with integrated 5G modem.
4.- Models The Exynos are Samsung processors, designed for their own smartphones. They have recently been working with graphic adapters from Mali.
5.- Kirin Models is an exclusive platform for Huawei and Honor smartphones. HiSilicon processors are known for their advanced AI building blocks and outperform the competition in many ways. Use Mali.
6.- Apple AX Model is a series of processors that are only found in the products of the Cupertino-based company. Previously used PowerVR graphics, but as of the Apple A11 Bionic, they come with their own graphics cores. They are considered the highest performing ARM processors for smartphones.

Amount and speed of memory?

The speed of the smartphone and the number of programs with which the device can work simultaneously depends on the RAM. The minimum figure to guide today is 4GB. Flagships can have up to 16GB of RAM. In any case, there is no additional RAM and therefore you need to find a balance between your needs and your budget.
For low-cost smartphones with little RAM, Google has developed a lightweight version of the Android Go operating system.

Built-in memory starts at 4GB. As practice shows, a normal user will have enough 64/128 GB to store their applications and data.
Please note that the operating system and pre-installed software will occupy 10 to 12 GB of memory.

If you are not sure if it is enough, look for devices that can be expanded with memory cards. By the way, this option will help save money - manufacturers like to inflate the cost of smartphones with large storage capacity. Those who wish to record videos in 8K can be offered to buy a phone immediately with 512GB on board (doubled by a memory card up to 1TB).

Those users who install many, many applications need a lot of memory, both operational and built-in, and immediately run all of them at the same time. And for the players, of course. If you are not so active and you are not interested in games, even 2GB of RAM and 16GB of internal memory will be enough for you. Most smartphones have 3-4GB of RAM and 32-64GB of internal memory, and most of this will suffice. There are also monsters with 6-16 GB of RAM and 128-512 GB built-in.

As are the battery. Fast charge?

The most important parameter of a smartphone is the battery life. The more powerful the device, the more energy it consumes. Considering that today we do not leave it out of our hands, 4000 mAh is the minimum required "for the phone to live until night". The main load consumers are the screen, Internet, GPS, games. A capacity of less than 3000 mAh is suitable for devices that are planned to be used exclusively for calls and messages.

Wireless charging is the most convenient feature that saves the owner an extra cable. The smartphone is simply placed on a special flat area of the docking station in the car or at home. The power of such a load is 5 to 40 W. The limitation is the metal casing or the thick casing. The charging base is generally not included in the smartphone delivery kit and must be purchased separately.

Fast charging (not to be confused with wireless) allows you to urgently recharge your smartphone in minutes, and a full charge cycle takes an hour and a half. It requires special chargers and technological support from the device itself. Most manufacturers (except Apple) include fast RAM in the package.

Just a couple of years ago, a USB Type-C cable came into the life of our smartphone. Its most obvious advantage is its symmetrical design, which allows the user to enter the nest the first time. Today this connector is confidently capturing the market and therefore a modern smartphone implies its mandatory presence.

Today, all smartphones can easily last a day without recharging, if they are not loaded with games. In addition, even the inexpensive models are equipped with fast chargers that fully charge the device in an hour and a half.
However, long-lasting smartphones that can run for more than two days on a single charge have not gone anywhere; see models with a battery with a capacity of more than 4000 mAh. Among them are mid-range ones like OPPO A5 2020 and Nokia 5.3, as well as powerful pretop and flagships: Samsung Galaxy S10 lite, Samsung Galaxy S20

Smartphones with a 2000–3000 mAh battery last approximately 12 hours of low-active use. If you take out your smartphone for just a couple of calls a day and occasional internet access, that's enough. If you are used to taking a lot of photos, playing games and always being online on social media, you need a smartphone with a more powerful battery.

The number of cameras and their resolution?

The resolution of the camera of some smartphones today reaches 108 megapixels. And several additional sensors come to the aid of the main sensor, designed to improve the quality of the images obtained and extend the photographic capabilities of the model.
For example, an ultra-wide angle lens captures more space and is ideal for shooting landscapes, a Portrait lens blurs the background, a telephoto lens is suitable for shooting distant subjects, and a macro camera allows you to shoot small objects at close range.

Influenced by marketing manipulations, users perceive the increase in the number of cameras and megapixels as an absolute improvement, forgetting about such important factors as sensor size, optics, stabilization and processing algorithms.
A good camera combines powerful hardware and smart software that are configured correctly and work seamlessly with each other. That's why smartphones with the same camera features can shoot in completely different ways.

Optical Stabilization or OIS (Optical Image Stabilizer): is a camera shake counter system. Built-in sensors determine the tilt angle and speed of movement of the smartphone in space and give a command to special units that deflect the array at the appropriate angle. This is how the technology compensates for camera shake and prevents image blur. OIS also works well when recording videos. All smartphones in the high price segment are equipped with this function.

Low-cost solutions use so-called Electronic Image Stabilizer (EIS). In this case, all the processing is done at the software level and the camera does not have any mechanical stabilization element.

Not many companies specifically focus on photography and video functions. If you plan to record 8K videos, look at Samsung - they are promoting this format on smartphones and TVs. Huawei was the first to show a hybrid and extended optical zoom. Apple smartphones take good photos too and are considered some of the best in video recording.

Before buying a camera phone, you should familiarize yourself with the test results of "independent" sites like DXOMark. Gossips say that such sources are subjective and even corrupt, but their tests are not that far from reality, and the first ten smartphones issued by them will definitely take great photos.

How many SIM cards in smartphone?

The presence of two SIM cards allows you to draw the line between work and personal calls, use the services of different operators, for example, with frequent trips abroad. The ability to install a second SIM card is present in most modern smartphones.

Be careful! In the case of a hybrid tray, it is impossible to use a second SIM card and a memory expansion card simultaneously.

Dual SIM Cards Kit The latest iPhones starting with the XS model have dual SIM cards. But there is a nuance: one of them is called eSIM. for Being integrated into the phone, eSIM allows you to connect rates remotely via QR codes or operator applications, when you are anywhere in the world and store up to five phone numbers.

Equipped with Wi-Fi 6 and 5G?

The immediate future of communication technology is inextricably linked to Wi-Fi 6 and 5G.
Wi-Fi 6, also known as 802.11ax, is a sixth-generation wireless connection that is 25% faster than its predecessor. The advantage of the standard is the efficient division of the loaded channel into subchannels. If you buy a Wi-Fi 6 smartphone without a compatible router, thanks to backward compatibility, it will work on "old" networks. Of course, with the corresponding speeds.

As soon as Russia switched to 4G, the fifth generation of networks with even higher internet speeds knocked on the door. However, the outlook for 5G in Russia is vague. The main problems are the high capital investments in equipment and the lack of free radio frequencies, so it is not worth waiting for a great 5G coverage before 2025. Therefore, the need to buy a 5G smartphone in our country continues to be questioned .

Other smartphone features?

The ability to pay with your phone is an incredibly convenient feature, and once you try it, hardly anyone will turn it down. To make a payment, you must link your bank card to the device. The big manufacturers (Samsung, Huawei, Apple) have their own mobile payment services and the smartphones of other companies are happy with the Google Pay system. The high security is due to the fact that during the transfer, the phone generates a special key, which contains all the information necessary for the transaction. The card number and other confidential data are not transferred. Secondly, the payment is made only after confirmation by the user (password, fingerprint, face).

The fingerprint sensor in modern smartphones has moved under the screen. In simpler models, manufacturers install it on the unlock button or on the back of the device.
Apple prefers Face ID, while Android smartphones focus on fingerprints. The exception was Huawei's flagships, which received both unlocking methods.

Foldable smartphones broke into our lives in 2019 and were very well received by the public. Longing for revolutions in the field of design, users were not spooked by either the high prices, the dampness of the technology, or the high cost of spare parts. In fact, you are provided with the WOW effect of having such a smartphone. The Huawei Mate X and Samsung Galaxy Fold simply shook the market and sold out quickly. Samsung Galaxy Flip Z is still available to buy.

Safe smartphones have limited specialization and occupy its own ecological niche. Cyclists, shift workers, hunters, extreme athletes, travelers have provided such devices with stable demand. They have a solid body, a large capacity battery, protection against dust and water, and a number of other very specific functions (barometer, altimeter and even a thermal imager). The price to pay for this is the sheer mass and thickness of the device.
The IP68 certificate will allow you to safely submerge your smartphone in water to a depth of one meter, but not all manufacturers guarantee protection against seawater and therefore read the fine print.
The US military standard MIL-STD-810G is tested for resistance to sudden changes in temperature, rain, drops, and other damage. However, this is not a reason to abuse your capabilities and crack nuts with a smartphone. Maintaining the standard ensures that it remains operational, not a neat appearance.

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